Ortsverband Königstein-Glashütten
REFLEX-Studie Endergebnisse veröffentlicht
"Die Gesamtergebnisse der REFLEX-Studie wurden alle aus in vitro-Experimenten gewonnen. Daraus darf nicht gefolgert werden, dass die Exposition unterhalb heute festgelegter Grenzwerte eine Gesundheitsgefährdung von Menschen darstellt. Allerdings rücken die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer solchen Gesundheitsgefährdung in den Bereich des Wahrscheinlicheren.Außerdem gibt es heute somit keine Berechtigung mehr zu behaupten, daß wir nicht um die pathophysiologischen Mechanismen wissen, die die Grundlage für die Entwicklung funktioneller Störungen und aller möglichen chronischen Erkrankungen bei Mensch und Tier darstellen können."
(Eigene Übersetzung der sehr vorsichtigen Zusammenfassungen auf S. 222 und S. 226 - Originaltext s.u.)
Die Forscher finden (dosis- und zeitabhängig):
- gentoxische Effekte
- Doppelstrang- und Einzelstrang-DNA-Brüche
- einige Zelltypen proliferieren (dh. teilen sich mehr als normal)
- Es wurden eindeutige Veränderungen an bisher unbekannten Proteinen in den bestrahlten Zellen festgestellt
Was ist REFLEX?
REFLEX-Egebnisse pdf 10,1 MB!!
Die REFLEX-Studie ist die bis heute größte von der EU unterstützte Studie zur Erforschung möglicher Risiken durch elektromagnetische Strahlung:
"
Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental
Hazards From Low Frequency Electromagnetic
Field Exposure Using Sensitive in vitro MethodsA project funded by the European Union
under the programme
Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources
Key Action 4 "Environment and Health"
Contract: QLK4-CT-1999-01574
Start date: 01 February 2000
End date: 31 May 2004
Acronym: REFLEX"
Teilnehmende Forschergruppen:
"LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
1. VERUM - Stiftung für Verhalten und Umwelt, München, Germany
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Franz Adlkofer)
2. Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Rudolf Tauber)
3. Abteilung für Arbeitsmedizin, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Wien, Austria
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Hugo W. Rüdiger)
4. Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, Germany
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Anna M. Wobus)
5. Insalud, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Dr. Angeles Trillo)
6. STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Dariusz Leszczynski)
7. Institut für Biophysik, Universität Hannover, Germany
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. H. Albert Kolb)
8. Laboratoire PIOM, ENSCPB, Bordeaux, France
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Dr. Isabelle Lagroye)
9. Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Italy
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Fernando Bersani)
10. Institut für Integrierte Systeme, ETH Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Niels Kuster)
11. Cattedra di Farmacologia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Italy
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Prof. Francesco Clementi)
12. Ressourcenzentrum für Genomforschung GmbH (RZPD), Heidelberg, Germany
(Scientific person in charge of the project: Dr. Christian Maercker)"
Zitat Zusammenfassung Teil 1 (Übersetzung folgt demnächst):
"5.1.9 Summary (Participant 1)The ELF-EMF data obtained in the course of the REFLEX project allow the following conclusion:
1. ELF-EMF had genotoxic effects on primary cell cultures of human fibroblasts and on other cell lines.
These observations were made in two laboratories within the REFLEX consortium (Participants 3 and
7) and confirmed by two other laboratories from outside the REFLEX project. ELF-EMF generated
DNA strand breaks at a significant level at a flux density as low as 35 µT. A strong positive
correlation was observed between both the intensity and duration of exposure to ELF-EMF and the
increase in single and double strand DNA breaks and micronuclei frequencies. Surprisingly this
genotoxic effect was only found when cells were exposed to intermittent ELF-EMF, but not to
continuous exposure. Responsiveness of fibroblast to ELF-EMF increased with the age of the donor
and in the presence of specific genetic repair defects. The effect also differed among the other types of
cells examined. In particular, lymphocytes from adult donors were not responsive. Chromosomal
aberrations were also observed after ELF-EMF exposure of human fibroblasts.
2. ELF-EMF at a flux density of 10 and 100 µT increased the proliferation rate of neuroblastoma cells
(Participant 5) and at a flux density of 0.8 mT it enhanced the differentiation of mouse stem cells into
cardiomyocytes (Participant 8). In contrast to these results, no clear-cut and unequivocal effects of
ELF-EMF on DNA synthesis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis were
found in the many other cell systems under investigation.
3. Elf-EMF inhibited the spontaneous apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells which was followed by an
increase of the proliferation rate, when the cells were exposed for 63 hours to ELF-EMF at a flux
density of 50 or 100 µT (Participant 5). In contrst to these results, no clear-cut and unequivoval effects
of ELF-EMF on the apoptotic process were found in the many other cell systems under investigation.
4. ELF-EMF at a flux density of about 2 mT up-regulated the expression of early genes, such as p21, c-jun
and egr-1, in p53- deficient mouse embryonic stem cells, but not in healthy wild-type cells
(Participant 4) and, in addition, may affect the expression of genes and proteins in a variety of other
cell systems. The results of the whole genome cDNA micro-array and proteomic analyses indicate that
EMF may activate several groups of genes that play a role in cell division, cell proliferation and cell
differentiation (Participant 12).
Taken together, the results of the REFLEX project were exclusively obtained in in vitro studies and are,
therefore, not suitable for the conclusion that ELF-EMF exposure below the presently valid safety limits
causes a risk to the health of people. They move, however, such an assumption nearer into the range of
the possible. Furthermore, there exists no justification anymore to claim, that we are not aware of any
pathophysiological mechanisms which could be the basis for the development of functional disturbances
and any kind of chronic diseases in animal and man."
Zitat Zusammenfassung Teil 2:
"5.2.9 Summary (Participant 1)
The RF-EMF data obtained in the course of the REFLEX project allow the following conclusion:
1. RF-EMF produced genotoxic effects in fibroblasts, HL-60 cells, granulosa cells of rats and neural
progenitor cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (Paticipants 2, 3 and 4). Cells responded to
RF-EMF exposure between SAR levels of 0.3 and 2 W/kg with a significant increase in single and
double strand DNA breaks and in micronuclei frequency (Participants 2 and 3). Chromosomal
aberrations in fibroblasts were also observed after RF-EMF exposure (Participant 3). In HL-60 cells an
increase in the intracellular generation of free radicals accompanying RF-EMF exposure could clearly
be demonstrated (Participant 2).
2. No clear-cut and unequivocal effects of RF-EMF on DNA synthesis, cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell
differentiation and immune cell functionality were found in the cell systems under investigation.
(Participants 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8). There is some indication that RF-EMF may affect the growth arrest and
DNA damage inducible gene GADD45 and the neuronal differentiation by inhibition of Nurr1 in
neural progenitor cells (Participant 4).
3. No clear-cut and unequivocal effects of RF-EMF on apoptosis were fond in the cell systems under
investigation was observed (Participants 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9). There is some indication that RF-EMF
may have some influence on the bcl-2 mediated anti-apoptotic pathway in neural progenotor cells
(Participant 4) and on the the p38MAPK/hsp27 stress response pathway in endothelial cells of human
origin (Participant 6) which may in turn exert an inhibitory effect on apoptosis.
4. RF-EMF at a SAR of 1.5 W/kg down-regulated the expression of neuronal genes in neuronal
precursor cells and up-regulated the expression of early genes in p53-deficient embryonic stem cells,
but not in wild-type cells (Participant 4). Proteomic analyses on human endothelial cell lines showed
that exposure to RF-EMF changed the expression and phosphorylation of numerous, largely
unidentified proteins. Among these proteins is the heat shock protein hsp27, a marker for cellular
stress responses (Participant 6). The results of the whole genome cDNA micro-array and proteomic
analyses indicated that EMF may activate several groups of genes that play a role in cell division, cell
proliferation and cell differentiation (Participants 2, 6 and 12).
Taken together, the results of the REFLEX project were exclusively obtained in in vitro studies and are,
therefore, not suitable for the conclusion that RF-EMF exposure below the presently valid safety limits
causes a risk to the health of people. They move, however, such an assumption nearer into the range of
the possible. Furthermore, there exists no justification anymore to claim, that we are not aware of any
pathophysiological mechanisms which could be the basis for the development of functional disturbances
and any kind of chronic diseases in animal and man."
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